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Feminist Social Movements: The Politics of Inclusion & Exclusion

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The proposed paper explores the politics of inclusion and exclusion associated with feminist social movements through an investigation of the anti-gender violence sub-movements in Malaysia and South Africa. Extensive personal interviews with anti-gender violence sub-movement actors in both countries have revealed exclusionary practices that arise on both a micro level and a macro level. At the micro-level, the study highlights divisions within particular anti-gender violence sub-movements, including: (1) the division between feminist and non-feminist actors (with non-feminist actors including women as well as men), which has contributed to a lack of cohesion within anti-gender violence movements; (2) the division between women (who possess the essential feminist consciousness) and men (who arguably do not and cannot), which has contributed to the neglect of men as feminist allies to the anti-gender violence struggle; and (3) divisions that have emerged between sub-movement actors due to competition for scarce resources, which has contributed to a tendency toward territoriality. At the macro-level, the study identifies exclusionary practices involving relations between anti-gender violence sub-movements and the feminist movements within which they are embedded. Although feminist actors may share the broad goal of subverting masculinism, anti-gender violence sub-movements have had the tendency to abstract gender violence from the broader structure of gender inequality, and have attempted to resolve the problem in isolation. Anti-gender violence sub-movements are therefore indicative of a segmented approach to ending gender-based human rights violations. Moreover, this segmented approach is also evident in the dis-embedding of gender violence from the broader study of violence, whereby men's violence against women is treated separately from men's violence against men, thus overlooking the relevance of studies on masculinities and violence for the construction of anti-gender violence strategies. Although the present study centers on gender-based violence, similar lines of inclusion and exclusion are associated with feminist movements more broadly. The emergence of sub-movements within feminist movements is itself indicative of segmentation and the isolated treatment of manifestations of masculinism. While the embeddedness of masculinism is arguably a key factor impeding pro-women gender transformation, I argue that feminist scholars and activists have not adequately problematized the tendency of actors within feminist (sub-) movements to patrol the borders of acceptable and unacceptable identities, positions, and strategies. In highlighting the multiple fault lines associated with feminist movements more generally, the study aims to strengthen feminist practices by encouraging critical reflection centered on four key questions: What are the objectives of feminist (sub-)movements? How are we evaluating whether the tactics adopted are meeting the set objectives? Are these tactics actually meeting the set objectives? If not, how do we close the disjuncture between feminist goals and feminist strategies?

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women (186), gender (145), violenc (140), men (104), movement (104), social (101), organ (73), feminist (72), activist (61), new (56), polit (53), south (53), masculin (52), malaysia (45), femin (42), africa (40), york (40), univers (36), interview (36), press (34), chang (34),
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Hebert, Laura. "Feminist Social Movements: The Politics of Inclusion & Exclusion" Paper presented at the annual meeting of the International Studies Association, Hilton Hawaiian Village, Honolulu, Hawaii, Mar 05, 2005 <Not Available>. 2009-05-26 <http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p70070_index.html>

APA Citation:

Hebert, L. A. , 2005-03-05 "Feminist Social Movements: The Politics of Inclusion & Exclusion" Paper presented at the annual meeting of the International Studies Association, Hilton Hawaiian Village, Honolulu, Hawaii Online <.PDF>. 2009-05-26 from http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p70070_index.html

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Review Method: Peer Reviewed
Abstract: The proposed paper explores the politics of inclusion and exclusion associated with feminist social movements through an investigation of the anti-gender violence sub-movements in Malaysia and South Africa. Extensive personal interviews with anti-gender violence sub-movement actors in both countries have revealed exclusionary practices that arise on both a micro level and a macro level. At the micro-level, the study highlights divisions within particular anti-gender violence sub-movements, including: (1) the division between feminist and non-feminist actors (with non-feminist actors including women as well as men), which has contributed to a lack of cohesion within anti-gender violence movements; (2) the division between women (who possess the essential feminist consciousness) and men (who arguably do not and cannot), which has contributed to the neglect of men as feminist allies to the anti-gender violence struggle; and (3) divisions that have emerged between sub-movement actors due to competition for scarce resources, which has contributed to a tendency toward territoriality. At the macro-level, the study identifies exclusionary practices involving relations between anti-gender violence sub-movements and the feminist movements within which they are embedded. Although feminist actors may share the broad goal of subverting masculinism, anti-gender violence sub-movements have had the tendency to abstract gender violence from the broader structure of gender inequality, and have attempted to resolve the problem in isolation. Anti-gender violence sub-movements are therefore indicative of a segmented approach to ending gender-based human rights violations. Moreover, this segmented approach is also evident in the dis-embedding of gender violence from the broader study of violence, whereby men's violence against women is treated separately from men's violence against men, thus overlooking the relevance of studies on masculinities and violence for the construction of anti-gender violence strategies. Although the present study centers on gender-based violence, similar lines of inclusion and exclusion are associated with feminist movements more broadly. The emergence of sub-movements within feminist movements is itself indicative of segmentation and the isolated treatment of manifestations of masculinism. While the embeddedness of masculinism is arguably a key factor impeding pro-women gender transformation, I argue that feminist scholars and activists have not adequately problematized the tendency of actors within feminist (sub-) movements to patrol the borders of acceptable and unacceptable identities, positions, and strategies. In highlighting the multiple fault lines associated with feminist movements more generally, the study aims to strengthen feminist practices by encouraging critical reflection centered on four key questions: What are the objectives of feminist (sub-)movements? How are we evaluating whether the tactics adopted are meeting the set objectives? Are these tactics actually meeting the set objectives? If not, how do we close the disjuncture between feminist goals and feminist strategies?

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Document Type: .PDF
Page count: 32
Word count: 12966
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Feminist Social Movements: The Politics of Inclusion & Exclusion Laura Hebert University of Denver Paper Prepared for the 2005 International Studies Association Annual Convention Introduction The development trajectory of women's movements the issues prioritized and their relationship to the state and other social justice movements are context specific shaped by the socio-political and economic environment within which they are embedded. Nonetheless women's movements globally share a common purpose: to achieve the transformation of societal institutions that sanction unequal gender
World Report on Violence and Health." See http://www.who.int/violence_injury_prevention/violence/world_report/en/. Geneva: World Health Organization 2002. Wolf Naomi. Fire with Fire. The New Female Power and How it will Change the 21st Century. New York: Random House 1993. 31 Young Iris Marion. Intersecting Voices: Dilemmas of Gender Political Philosophy and Policy. Princeton: Princeton University Press 1997. Zald M.N. and J. McCarthy. Social Movements in an Organizational Society: Collected Essays. New Brunswick: Transaction 1987. Zalewski Marysia. Feminism after Postmodernism: Theorizing through Practice. New


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