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Caohai Nature Reserve and Infrastructure Development: Why the impacts of a nature reserve’s infrastructure projects apparently outweigh those of China’s Western Development Project
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DRAFT
PLEASE DO NOT CITE
Caohai Nature Reserve and Infrastructure Development: Why the impact of a nature
reserve’s infrastructure projects apparently outweigh those of China’s Western
Development Project
Melinda Herrold-Menzies
Pitzer College, The Claremont Colleges
Abstract
Caohai Nature Reserve, in Guizhou, China has been the scene of bothdramatic landscape transformations and equally radical changes inresource management philosophies. When Caohai Nature Reserve wasestablished in 1985 practices that sustained local livelihoods, such asfishing and hunting, were criminalized, leading to violent conflictsbetween reserve managers and local people. In the early 1990s, theintroduction of NGO-sponsored community development programschanged the way the reserve was perceived by local farmers as the reservebecame the most important provider of funding for communityinfrastructure development in the area. In spite of the China’s much toutedWestern Development Project, most reserve residents do not believe thatthey benefit from the central government’s infrastructure improvementprograms. They believe that these large-scale road and railway extensionprojects have done little to change their poor rural livelihoods. However,they believe that the nature reserve’s smaller-scale communitydevelopment programs have been a much more effective source of locally-needed infrastructure development. Many Caohai farmers now see thereserve, instead of other government agencies, as their main partner for thepromotion of economic development.
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Funding for the field research upon which this paper is based has come from several sources. The most recent field research
visit was funded by the Freeman Program in Asian Political Economy and Pitzer College’s Faculty Research & Awards. Earlierresearch was funded by the Social Science Research Council’s International Dissertation Research Fellowship, the U.S.Environmental Protection Agency’s STAR Fellowship, and the Institute on Global Conflict and Cooperation’s DissertationFellowship.
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| | Authors: Herrold-Menzies, Melinda. |
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DRAFT
PLEASE DO NOT CITE
Caohai Nature Reserve and Infrastructure Development: Why the impact of a nature
reserve’s infrastructure projects apparently outweigh those of China’s Western
Development Project
Melinda Herrold-Menzies
Pitzer College, The Claremont Colleges
Abstract
Caohai Nature Reserve, in Guizhou, China has been the scene of both
dramatic landscape transformations and equally radical changes in
resource management philosophies. When Caohai Nature Reserve was
established in 1985 practices that sustained local livelihoods, such as
fishing and hunting, were criminalized, leading to violent conflicts
between reserve managers and local people. In the early 1990s, the
introduction of NGO-sponsored community development programs
changed the way the reserve was perceived by local farmers as the reserve
became the most important provider of funding for community
infrastructure development in the area. In spite of the China’s much touted
Western Development Project, most reserve residents do not believe that
they benefit from the central government’s infrastructure improvement
programs. They believe that these large-scale road and railway extension
projects have done little to change their poor rural livelihoods. However,
they believe that the nature reserve’s smaller-scale community
development programs have been a much more effective source of locally-
needed infrastructure development. Many Caohai farmers now see the
reserve, instead of other government agencies, as their main partner for the
promotion of economic development.
1
1
Funding for the field research upon which this paper is based has come from several sources. The most recent field research
visit was funded by the Freeman Program in Asian Political Economy and Pitzer College’s Faculty Research & Awards. Earlier
research was funded by the Social Science Research Council’s International Dissertation Research Fellowship, the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency’s STAR Fellowship, and the Institute on Global Conflict and Cooperation’s Dissertation
Fellowship.
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