19
Table 1. Factors Associated with the Creation of Power-Sharing and Power-Dividing Institutions at the End
of Civil War.
Nature of the Conflict
Expected
Variable
Operationalization
Relationship
Stakes of the Conflict
Identity or Ideologically-Based Civil War
−
Conflict Duration
Months War Endured Prior to Settlement
+
Conflict Intensity
Monthly Casualty Rate of the War
+
Wartime Bargaining Environment
Expected
Variable
Operationalization
Relationship
Previous Level
Level of Democracy associated with
+
of Democracy
the Pre-War Government
Level of Development
Life Expectancy in the Post-War State
+
Peacekeeping Operation
Introduction of a Peacekeeping Force
+
International System
War Concluded in the Cold War or
+
Structure
Post-Cold War Era
The Issue of Third Party Mediation
We have chosen to omit the influence of third-party mediators from our list of factors
with the potential to encourage the adoption of power-sharing or power-dividing arrangements at
the end of civil war. At first impression, this might appear to be a glaring oversight given that
case studies have pointed to the key role that mediators have played in bridging the divide
between competing interests at the bargaining table. Prominent among these studies are those
that point to the critical importance of British mediator Lord Carrington in moving forward the
negotiations in Rhodesia (present day Zimbabwe) that finally led to the end of the civil war
between the Black majority and governing White minority (see, for example, Vance 1983 and
Stedman 1991).
Convention