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GOVERNANCE OF THE CASPIAN RESOURCES: COMPETITION AND COOPERATION
Unformatted Document Text:  2 OVERVIEW Geography of Caspian Region Map of the Caspian Littoral States Source: Energy Information Administration 2002 The Caspian Sea is located in the heart and soul of the world’s geopolitics. It is like the pendulum swinging between the Middle East and Russia, Central Asia and Caucasus. The Caspian Sea is the world’s largest inland area of water. It covers 370,000 kilometers, an area roughly the size of Japan or California. It stretches approximately 1,200 kilometers from north to south and has an average width of 320 kilometers. Its eastern shores are the deserts and steppes of Central Asia (Ingwerson, 1997). History of the Caspian Oil and Gas Development The history of Caspian oil and gas exploration can be classified into pre-Soviet (before 1917), Soviet (from 1917 to 1991), and post-Soviet (after 1991) periods. Most writings focus on the post-Soviet period. Indeed, the resources of the Caspian Sea were known a long before the decline of the Soviet Union. The stories of "eternal fires" were known for at least 2,500 years ago and authenticated reports since the sixth century (Gokay, 1999: 3). However, the disputes over the Caspian Sea started from the treaty of Turkmenchai (1828),

Authors: Kobonbaev, Maks.
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2
OVERVIEW
Geography of Caspian Region
Map of the Caspian Littoral States
Source: Energy Information Administration 2002

The Caspian Sea is located in the heart and soul of the world’s geopolitics. It is like the
pendulum swinging between the Middle East and Russia, Central Asia and Caucasus. The
Caspian Sea is the world’s largest inland area of water. It covers 370,000 kilometers, an
area roughly the size of Japan or California. It stretches approximately 1,200 kilometers
from north to south and has an average width of 320 kilometers. Its eastern shores are the
deserts and steppes of Central Asia (Ingwerson, 1997).

History of the Caspian Oil and Gas Development
The history of Caspian oil and gas exploration can be classified into pre-Soviet (before
1917), Soviet (from 1917 to 1991), and post-Soviet (after 1991) periods. Most writings
focus on the post-Soviet period. Indeed, the resources of the Caspian Sea were known a
long before the decline of the Soviet Union. The stories of "eternal fires" were known for
at least 2,500 years ago and authenticated reports since the sixth century (Gokay, 1999: 3).
However, the disputes over the Caspian Sea started from the treaty of Turkmenchai (1828),


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