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Nietzsche's Politeia: Beyond Good and Evil and Plato's Republic

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To establish the relation between these two books, as I mean to do, is to open the way to a new understanding of many elements of Nietzsche’s thought. My goal in this paper is to address just one of those elements and only from the standpoint from which it is addressed in Beyond Good and Evil. This element is, however, the most basic element of Nietzsche’s mature thought and constitutes the matter, as it were, to which Nietzsche’s political project in Beyond Good and Evil is a giving of form: that matter, if it is permissible to speak in such terms of something that is essentially energic, is will to power. The standpoint from which it is addressed in Beyond Good and Evil is the standpoint of politics, understanding that word in the broadest possible sense. Like the Republic, Beyond Good and Evil addresses a great number of topics and often revises or even overturns earlier formulations. Nevertheless Nietzsche’s book, like Plato’s, is unified by an overarching theme and structure – a dynamic or developmental structure, which is what allows for unity in the face of revisions and reformulations. Indeed, in the broadest sense Beyond Good and Evil and the Republic have identical themes and structures. The organizing theme is nothing other than what Plato’s title suggests. His dialogue, and Nietzsche’s book, are fundamentally concerned with addressing the question of the best regime – the best regime for the city and the best regime for the individual human being. (Notwithstanding early appearances to the contrary, it is for the sake of the latter that the former is addressed [Republic 592b].) My ultimate purpose, then, is to explore the relation between Beyond Good and Evil and the Republic in order to consider will to power as it is revealed in the former, i.e., from the standpoint of the question of the best regime. At best this can only yield a very partial account of will to power, given that Nietzsche examined will to power from multiple standpoints and came to see it as the fundamental fact not only of politics but of human life, indeed all life and even all that exists. Yet as partial perspectives go this isn’t a bad one, for it is precisely by studying the psychic regime of the highest humans in the way that Nietzsche does in Beyond Good and Evil that one can learn most about the Whole (36). This methodological principle is not the least of Nietzsche’s affinities with Plato.

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nietzsch (209), plato (109), good (104), book (102), republ (89), beyond (84), evil (77), part (71), philosoph (70), one (70), polit (54), socrat (53), section (51), way (42), also (38), teach (36), ero (34), philosophi (32), soul (32), power (31), etern (31),
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Name: Southwestern Political Science Association
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MLA Citation:

Cooper, Laurence. "Nietzsche's Politeia: Beyond Good and Evil and Plato's Republic" Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Southwestern Political Science Association, New Orleans, LA, Fairmont Hotel, Mar 23, 2005 <Not Available>. 2009-05-25 <http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p88818_index.html>

APA Citation:

Cooper, L. , 2005-03-23 "Nietzsche's Politeia: Beyond Good and Evil and Plato's Republic" Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Southwestern Political Science Association, New Orleans, LA, Fairmont Hotel Online <.PDF>. 2009-05-25 from http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p88818_index.html

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Review Method: Peer Reviewed
Abstract: To establish the relation between these two books, as I mean to do, is to open the way to a new understanding of many elements of Nietzsche’s thought. My goal in this paper is to address just one of those elements and only from the standpoint from which it is addressed in Beyond Good and Evil. This element is, however, the most basic element of Nietzsche’s mature thought and constitutes the matter, as it were, to which Nietzsche’s political project in Beyond Good and Evil is a giving of form: that matter, if it is permissible to speak in such terms of something that is essentially energic, is will to power. The standpoint from which it is addressed in Beyond Good and Evil is the standpoint of politics, understanding that word in the broadest possible sense. Like the Republic, Beyond Good and Evil addresses a great number of topics and often revises or even overturns earlier formulations. Nevertheless Nietzsche’s book, like Plato’s, is unified by an overarching theme and structure – a dynamic or developmental structure, which is what allows for unity in the face of revisions and reformulations. Indeed, in the broadest sense Beyond Good and Evil and the Republic have identical themes and structures. The organizing theme is nothing other than what Plato’s title suggests. His dialogue, and Nietzsche’s book, are fundamentally concerned with addressing the question of the best regime – the best regime for the city and the best regime for the individual human being. (Notwithstanding early appearances to the contrary, it is for the sake of the latter that the former is addressed [Republic 592b].) My ultimate purpose, then, is to explore the relation between Beyond Good and Evil and the Republic in order to consider will to power as it is revealed in the former, i.e., from the standpoint of the question of the best regime. At best this can only yield a very partial account of will to power, given that Nietzsche examined will to power from multiple standpoints and came to see it as the fundamental fact not only of politics but of human life, indeed all life and even all that exists. Yet as partial perspectives go this isn’t a bad one, for it is precisely by studying the psychic regime of the highest humans in the way that Nietzsche does in Beyond Good and Evil that one can learn most about the Whole (36). This methodological principle is not the least of Nietzsche’s affinities with Plato.

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Nietzsche's Politeia: Beyond Good and Evil and Plato's Republic Laurence D. Cooper Carleton College lcooper@carleton.edu The mature Nietzsche was never quite sure about Plato. About Platonism yes: a catastrophic idealism based on two great falsehoods the pure mind and the good in itself (BGE Preface). But Plato himself "the most beautiful growth of antiquity " remained elusive. At times Nietzsche seems to absolve Plato of any sincere Platonism ­ for example in book 5 of The Gay Science where
Kaufmann as "large-scale politics; 208) primarily concerns conflict over matters cultural and spiritual i.e. the care of souls. 43 through consideration of their political teachings. Both philosophers' political teachings are far more than just a statement of principles and proofs. They are poetic: they educate the heart and the spirit along with the mind and thereby prepare readers as nothing else could to apprehend and judge their underlying conceptions of eternity. We think of the political as the realm


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Nietzsche's Politeia: Beyond Good and Evil and Plato's Republic


 
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