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Exceptions to the Rule: The Success of Maverick Candidates Ken Livingstone and Jesse Venture
Unformatted Document Text:  46 Table 7 Multinomial Logit Estimates for 2000 Election(Livingstone Coefficients Normalized to Zero) Independent Variables Dobson Norris Kramer Age 25-34 -1.28** -0.85 0.23 (0.49) (0.61) (0.62) Age 35-44 -1.77** -0.93 0.35 (0.54) (0.65) (0.64) Age 45-54 -2.92** -1.75** -0.36 (0.60) (0.67) (0.71) Age 55-64 -2.24** -0.68 0.99 (0.66) (0.67) (0.72) Age 65 and Older -2.53** -1.14 0.87 (0.64) (0.68) (0.68 Male -0.53 -0.12 -0.61 (0.30) (0.32) (0.32) Intend to vote Labour on Party List Ballot 2.19** -0.65 -0.71 (0.70) (0.65) (0.55) Intend to vote Conservative on Party List Ballot 1.14 2.69** 0.18 (0.80) (0.58) (0.58) Intend to vote Liberal on Party List Ballot -1.72 -0.88 1.58** (1.43) (0.84) (0.51) Employed as Middle Management/Civil Servant -1.24** -0.66 0.51 (0.41) (0.46) (0.49) Employed as Skilled Laborer -1.13** -0.63 0.24 (0.46) (0.52) (0.58) Employed in Managerial/Executive -1.29** -0.54 0.98 (0.45) (0.48) (0.52) Oppose Public-Private Partnership of Underground 0.43 0.18 -0.28 (0.30) (0.32) (0.33) Less likely to support Dobson because of Tony Blair -2.02** -0.41 -0.84* (0.74) (0.39) (0.41) Support £5 fee for driving in Central London -1.14** -0.78* -0.71* (0.31) (0.32) (0.33) Support Legalization of Gay Marriages -0.59 -0.63 -0.14 (0.33) (0.37) (0.35) Constant 0.96 0.06 -1.55 (0.83) (0.83) (0.89) Final Log Likelihood -425.11564 X2 (48) 370.14 Number of Iterations 6 Psuedo R 2 0.3033 Number of Cases 560 Note: Maximum-likelihood estimates with their standard errors in parenthesis below. *indicates an estimatesignificant at the p=.05 level. **indicates an estimate significant at the p=.01 level.

Authors: Beech, Thomas. and Smith, Brian.
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46
Table 7
Multinomial Logit Estimates for 2000 Election
(Livingstone Coefficients Normalized to Zero)
Independent Variables
Dobson
Norris
Kramer
Age 25-34
-1.28**
-0.85
0.23
(0.49)
(0.61)
(0.62)
Age 35-44
-1.77**
-0.93
0.35
(0.54)
(0.65)
(0.64)
Age 45-54
-2.92**
-1.75**
-0.36
(0.60)
(0.67)
(0.71)
Age 55-64
-2.24**
-0.68
0.99
(0.66)
(0.67)
(0.72)
Age 65 and Older
-2.53**
-1.14
0.87
(0.64)
(0.68)
(0.68
Male
-0.53
-0.12
-0.61
(0.30)
(0.32)
(0.32)
Intend to vote Labour on Party List Ballot
2.19**
-0.65
-0.71
(0.70)
(0.65)
(0.55)
Intend to vote Conservative on Party List Ballot
1.14
2.69**
0.18
(0.80)
(0.58)
(0.58)
Intend to vote Liberal on Party List Ballot
-1.72
-0.88
1.58**
(1.43)
(0.84)
(0.51)
Employed as Middle Management/Civil Servant
-1.24**
-0.66
0.51
(0.41)
(0.46)
(0.49)
Employed as Skilled Laborer
-1.13**
-0.63
0.24
(0.46)
(0.52)
(0.58)
Employed in Managerial/Executive
-1.29**
-0.54
0.98
(0.45)
(0.48)
(0.52)
Oppose Public-Private Partnership of Underground
0.43
0.18
-0.28
(0.30)
(0.32)
(0.33)
Less likely to support Dobson because of Tony Blair
-2.02**
-0.41
-0.84*
(0.74)
(0.39)
(0.41)
Support £5 fee for driving in Central London
-1.14**
-0.78*
-0.71*
(0.31)
(0.32)
(0.33)
Support Legalization of Gay Marriages
-0.59
-0.63
-0.14
(0.33)
(0.37)
(0.35)
Constant
0.96
0.06
-1.55
(0.83)
(0.83)
(0.89)
Final Log Likelihood
-425.11564
X2 (48)
370.14
Number of Iterations
6
Psuedo R
2
0.3033
Number of Cases
560
Note: Maximum-likelihood estimates with their standard errors in parenthesis below. *indicates an estimate
significant at the p=.05 level. **indicates an estimate significant at the p=.01 level.


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