12
leads to a question for future research -- do Hispanic Democrats provide indirect substantive
African American representation comparable to the indirect substantive representation the Black
caucus provides for Hispanics?
1
Population Profile of the United States: 2000 (Internet Release) 2003 [cited. Available from
http://www.census.gov/population/www/pop-profile/profile2000.html . There were 19 Hispanic
members of the U.S. House or Representatives in the 107th Congress.
2
A contributing factor to the underrepresntation of Hispanics is that significant portions of the
Hispanic population are not U.S. citizens, and thus ineligible to vote.
3
National Hispanic Leadership Agenda Congressional Scorecard 107th Congress, First And
Second Session: National Hispanic Leadership Agenda
4
The independent in the House is coded as "1" with the Democrats.
5
www.acu.org