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APPENDIX A: Coding Scheme for Reasons for the September 11 Attacks
B16.
REASONS FOR ATTACK
People have different explanations for the terrorist attacks on New York
Washington, DC. What do you think are the reasons for it?
U.S. INTERNATIONAL POLICIES
101.
U.S. support for Israel
102. U.S. does not support Palestinians
103.
U.S. intervention in the Persian Gulf; Gulf War; Liberation of Kuwait;
Desert Storm
104. Interference by U.S.; “stuck our nose in their business”
105. Iran; our support of the Shah; our actions in Iran
106. Libya; the bombing of Libya
107. Presence of U.S. in Middle East – n.e.c.
108. U.S. doesn’t support them / opposes them / supports their enemies
109. U.S. foreign policy – NFS
110. U. S. involvement in Middle East conflicts (Nothing further specified - n. f. s.)
111.
We didn’t do anything when terrorism happened in other countries
112. Afghanistan; what we did in Afghanistan; the plight of the Afghanis
113.
Arab countries (in general); our trade restrictions / treatment of Arab countries
114. Iraq; starvation due to U.S. sanctions against Iraq
115. Israel (exc. 101); dislike or hatred of Israel or the Israelis; “Israeli conflict”
116.
Palestine (exc. 102); the Palestinians / West Bank; “Palestinian conflict”
117.
Saudi Arabia; our troops in Saudi Arabia; infidels in Mecca or other holy places
118.
U.S. support of anti-Islamic causes – n.f.s.
119.
President Bush’s policies – n.f.s.
120.
Camp David accords; Middle East peace efforts
121.
Oil: big business; economic exploitation (overseas activities)
122.
U.S. is too nice; sacrifice our self-interest for other countries
123. Indecision; inability of U.S. to carry policies to conclusion
POLICIES OF OTHER COUNTRIES
151. Terrorists are sheltered in some countries
152. They blame the U.S. for their problems / lack of power / bad governments; U.S. is a scapegoat for
problems in terrorists’ own countries
153. Oppression; oppressive states / governments / regimes
RELIGIOUS ISSUES
201. Conflict between Islam or Muslims and Christianity
202. God’s will; biblical prophecy; Bible fulfilling itself; sign or warning from God
203. Religious war – specific mention; Jihad
204. Religious zealotry; religious fanatics
205. They are against Christians / Christian nations
206. They are against the Jews; dislike / hatred of Jews; our helping the Jews
208. They don’t know Jesus; have not been saved / are not Christians
209. Muslim beliefs; “Islam” – n.f.s.
210. They are spiritually blinded; misinterpret scripture / the Koran
211. They use religion as a mask; use Islam to achieve their goals
219. “Religion” or “religious” n.f.s; religious beliefs / religious reasons – n.f.s
DIFFERENCES BETWEEN U.S. AND “THEM” (no mention of religion)
251. Beliefs; views; they don’t believe in what we believe in
252. Cultural
differences; “culture” – n.f.s.
CODE UP TO 8
MENTIONS, IN
ORDER OF
MENTION
Convention