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On Power and Violence: Arendt contra Fanon |
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Abstract:
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The aim of this paper is to address the question of how to theorize the relation between violence and politics. According to some strands of thought, such as those associated with Machiavelli, Hobbes, and Weber, politics is about power and power relies on violence as its key instrument. Another tradition of thinking about violence and politics, associated with Sorel, Sartre and Fanon, focuses on the existential significance of violence for both oppressors and oppressed, but also the necessary, instrumental role of violence in revolutionary movements. Yet another distinct strand of thought holds that violence and politics are antithetical to one another. This strand is articulated and promoted most clearly by Arendt, who famously defines violence in anti‐political terms. In this paper we consider Arendts theory of violence and politics in particular comparison with Fanons. |
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violenc (169), polit (104), arendt (67), fanon (47), power (44), action (24), instrument (23), argument (22), human (22), work (20), mean (20), use (19), end (19), also (16), way (16), peopl (14), sens (14), howev (14), argu (13), one (13), tradit (13), |
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Name: American Political Science Association URL: http://www.apsanet.org
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MLA Citation:
| Frazer, Elizabeth. and Hutchings, Kimberly. "On Power and Violence: Arendt contra Fanon" Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Political Science Association, Marriott, Loews Philadelphia, and the Pennsylvania Convention Center, Philadelphia, PA, Aug 31, 2006 <Not Available>. 2011-03-13 <http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p150589_index.html> |
APA Citation:
| Frazer, E. and Hutchings, K. J. , 2006-08-31 "On Power and Violence: Arendt contra Fanon" Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Political Science Association, Marriott, Loews Philadelphia, and the Pennsylvania Convention Center, Philadelphia, PA Online <APPLICATION/PDF>. 2011-03-13 from http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p150589_index.html |
Publication Type: Proceeding Abstract: The aim of this paper is to address the question of how to theorize the relation between violence and politics. According to some strands of thought, such as those associated with Machiavelli, Hobbes, and Weber, politics is about power and power relies on violence as its key instrument. Another tradition of thinking about violence and politics, associated with Sorel, Sartre and Fanon, focuses on the existential significance of violence for both oppressors and oppressed, but also the necessary, instrumental role of violence in revolutionary movements. Yet another distinct strand of thought holds that violence and politics are antithetical to one another. This strand is articulated and promoted most clearly by Arendt, who famously defines violence in anti‐political terms. In this paper we consider Arendts theory of violence and politics in particular comparison with Fanons. |
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13 |
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380 |
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| 1 On Power and Violence: Arendt contra Fanon Elizabeth Frazer (New College Oxford) and Kimberly Hutchings (London School of Economics) APSA Conference Panel ‘Power Violence and the Body’ Philadelphia 31 August – 3rd September 2006 Please do not cite without permission Introduction The aim of this paper is to address the question of how to theorize the relation between violence and politics. According to some strands of thought such as those associated with Machiavelli Hobbes and Weber politics is about power and power relies on violence as its key instrument. Another tradition of thinking about violence and politics associated with Sorel Sartre and Fanon focuses on the existential significance of violence for both oppressors and oppressed but also the necessary instrumental role of violence in revolutionary movements. Yet another distinct strand of thought holds that violence and politics are antithetical to one another. This strand is articulated and promoted most clearly by Arendt who famously defines violence in anti‐political terms. In this paper we consider Arendt’s theory of violence and politics in particular comparison with Fanon’s. In her essay On Violence Arendt explicitly engages with Fanon’s work and the broader tradition with which she identifies it. We will argue that Arendt’s critique of Fanon offers significant insights into problems both with instrumental justifications of violence and with the identification of violence with organic libidinal energy. At the same time however we suggest that Arendt’s analysis is only partially persuasive and that this is because she insists on viewing violence as a tool in distinction from the embodied subjects that suffer or wield it. In contrast Fanon has a much better grasp of how violence operates in politics not simply as a tool but also as an institutionalised source of meaning and mode of discourse in which embodied subjects are always already embedded. At stake for both Fanon’s and Arendt’s analysis is the possibility of a politics without violence. In spite of this however we conclude that neither Fanon nor Arendt engages sufficiently with the presuppositions of violence as a political technique and how they might be challenged and transformed. 2 Fanon In Fanon’s theory there are two kinds of ‘politics’ – one is vividly drawn and overwhelmingly condemned; the other is more vaguely delineated. The first is the corrupt party politics of emerging elites; the second is the virtuous politics of the people. In the struggle for freedom at the inception of decolonisation political parties will emerge as intellectual and commercial elites among the colonised people see new opportunities and attempt to formulate new aims. Political parties are based on the interests of people who have been aligned with because they have done jobs necessary to the colonial system. Hence the political parties are alienated from and distrustful of the rural people and conflict arises between these new would be leaders and dominators and traditional authorities. [Fanon 2001: 86‐ 91] There will be conflicts between trades unionists and the national middle class; intellectuals will come into conflict with the party machine.[97‐99] Political leaders cannot maintain their moral authority in the face of economic failure and depredations by capitalists whether domestic or foreign; so leadership turns |
| t violence is sometimes the only way in which justice can be done. If this is so then it suggests that the conditions of possibility of violence must remain in place and we must continue to invest massively in reproducing our capability to engage in violence as a political technique even though we know that it cannot work however noble the end that it serves. References Hannah Arendt (1959) The Human Condition Chicago: Chicago University Press. Hannah Arendt (1973) ‘On Violence’ in Crises of the Republic Harmondsworth: Penguin Books. Frantz Fanon (2001) The Wretched of the Earth Preface by J‐P Sartre trans. Constance Farrington London: Penguin Books. |
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