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Association: Name: American Political Science Association URL: http://www.apsanet.org
Citation: URL: http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p151476_index.html Direct Link: HTML Code:

Finnemore, Martha. "Paradoxes in Humanitarian Intervention" Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Political Science Association, Marriott, Loews Philadelphia, and the Pennsylvania Convention Center, Philadelphia, PA, Aug 31, 2006 <Not Available>. 2011-03-13 <http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p151476_index.html>

Finnemore, M. , 2006-08-31 "Paradoxes in Humanitarian Intervention" Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Political Science Association, Marriott, Loews Philadelphia, and the Pennsylvania Convention Center, Philadelphia, PA Online <PDF>. 2011-03-13 from http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p151476_index.html

Publication Type: Proceeding Abstract: Humanitarian intervention poses profound ethical dilemmas for policymakers and analysts. Both words in the phrase, �humanitarian� and �intervention,� are at odds with the norm of self-determination which dominates the ethical fabric of contemporary world politics. Military action sits uneasily with humanitarianism because military action always involves human rights violations�civilian casualties, unintended abuses by soldiers, and the like. There is also some hypocrisy in current demands that countries �determine� themselves humanely (through peaceable elections) when the mostly Western states making those demands (whose histories are full of genocide and war) were incapable of doing this. Intervention also sits in tension with self-determination for some obvious reasons. Citizens in the West all profess to love self-determination but will go in with troops if they do not like the result of a state�s self-determination process. Recall that Milosovic was elected. If we go in with troops and force people to self-determine only by processes we approve, and with results we happen to like, is it still self-determination? What can constructivism offer in such a situation? These are hard choices that cannot be constructed away by shifting identities or interests, as is the case in some other papers in this project. I argue that constructivism does three things for us here. First, it shows us how ethical choices, even the most intractable ones, are the result of social constructions. Both who is �human� and the practice of intervention are social constructions with particular histories. Without both sets of understandings, there is no dilemma. Second, constructivism alerts us that these are liberal dilemmas. Only in a world political fabric imbued with liberal values (such as self-determination and humanitarianism across borders) do these dilemmas exist. A realist orientation would be much less troubled by these normative conflicts. Third, a constructivist analysis of these dilemmas helps debunk any notion that moral progress (expanded humanitarian concern and protection) reduces ethical dilemmas. In this case, it creates them. By universalizing humanity (so that Africans, Asians and others �count� as human) and universalizing human rights (so more people can claim protection) we create new dilemmas for ourselves.

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