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Keeping Order During Chaos: Federalism and the Public Safety Policy Responses to Katrina
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1
Robert M. Fogelson, Big City Police (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1977).
2
Two of the most important study include the Kansas City Preventive Patrol Experiment and the RAND Detective Study.
3
Most notably, J.E. Angell, “Toward an Alternative to the Classic Police Organizational Arrangements: A Democratic
Model,” Criminology, August/November (1971): 185-206; and A.C. Germann, “Community Policing: An Assessment,” The Journal of Criminal Law, Criminology, and Police Science, 60 (1969): 89-96.
4
With the notable exceptions of a few jurisdictions, for example parts of Chicago, IL, San Diego, CA or Flint, MI.
5
Perhaps most notably, NYPD under William Bratton, engaged in zero-tolerance policing, a policy which result in both
significant decreases in crime, and serious complaints about police ignoring constitutional protections.
6
Eli Silverman, NYPD Battles Crime (Boston: Northeastern University Press, 1999).
7
Rick Ruddell, Matthew O. Thomas, and Lori Beth Way “Breaking the Chain: Confronting Issueless College-Town
Disturbances and Riots,” Journal of Criminal Justice 33 (2005): 549-560.
8
Portions of the timeline come from Douglas Brinkley, The Great Deluge (New York: William Morrow, 2006) and Susan
B. Glasser and Michael Grunwald, “The Steady Buildup to a City’s Chaos,” The Washington Post, September 11, 2005, p. A1.
9
Ed Anderson, “Evacuation Scramble Puts Contraflow System to the Test,” The Times-Picayune, August 29, 2005, p. 4.
10
Melinda DeSlatte, “New Orleans Police Chief Defends His Force,” Associated Press, September 5, 2005.
11
Associated Press, “Police Trying to Move Out Remaining New Orleans Residents,” September 5, 2005.
12
Approximately 150 officers were saved during search and rescue operations.
13
Michael Perlstein and Trymaine Lee, “The Good and the Bad,” Times-Picayune, December 18, 2005.
14
Michael Perlstein and Trymaine Lee, “The Good and the Bad,” Times-Picayune, December 18, 2005.
15
Jed Horne, Breach of Faith (New York: Random House, 2006).
16
Robert Tanner, “New Orleans Mayor Orders Police Back to Streets Amid Looting,” Associated Press, September 1, 2005.
17
Examples of police looting can be found in a variety of sources, including Brinkley and Horne’s books.
18
Associated Press, “Police Trying to Move Out Remaining New Orleans Residents,” September 5, 2005.
19
Don Babwin, “Police Prepare to Use Force to Clear New Orleans,” Associated Press, September 9, 2005.
20
Associated Press, “Another Seven New Orleans Police Officers Fired For Being AWOL,” November 10, 2005.
21
Michael Perlstein and Trymaine Lee, “The Good and the Bad,” Times-Picayune, December 18, 2005.
22
Associated Press, “Exhausted New Orleans Police, Firemen, Getting R&R,” September 5, 2005.
23
Jed Horne, op. cit.
24
For example, David Brinkley, The Great Deluge (New York: William Morrow, 2006); and Michael Eric Dyson, Come
Hell or High Water: Hurricane Katrina and the Color of Disaster (New York: Basic Books, 2006).
25
Times-Picayune, “Where is the Cavalry?” September 1, 2005, p. 15.
26
Michael Perlstein and Trymaine Lee, “The Good and the Bad,” Times Picayune, December 18, 2005.
27
Susan Saulny, “A Legacy of the Storm,” The New York Times, June 21, 2006, p. 1.
28
Christopher Drew, “Police Struggles in New Orleans Raise Old Fears,” The New York Times, June 13, 2006.
29
Kevin Johnson, “Engulfed Evidence Puts New Orleans Court Cases in Doubt,” The New York Times, September 22, 2005,
p. A6.
30
Paul Purpura, “Jefferson Court Suspends Cases Until January,” Times-Picayune, September 22, 2005, p. B2.
31
Henry Weinstein, “Arrested Before Katrina Are Still in Limbo,” The Los Angeles Times, November 20, 2005, p. A38.
32
Henry Weinstein, “Evacuated Prisoners Are Captive to Legal Limbo,” The Los Angeles Times, October 16, 2005, p. A26.
33
Michael Perlstein, “Prison Became an Island of Fear,” The New York Times, September 22, 2005, p. A1.
34
Alan Zarembo, “Katrina’s Aftermath: New Orleans Gets a Makeshift Jail,” The Los Angeles Times, p. A15.
35
Bruce Alpert, “Investigation Opens into Possible Inmate Abuse,” The Times-Picayune, October 4, 2005, p. A3.
36
Gary Fields, “In Louisiana Prison, They Also Serve as Hurricane Relief,” The Wall Street Journal, September 19, 2005, p.
A1.
37
Leslie Eaton, “Judge Steps in for Poor Inmates Without Justice,” The New York Times, May 23, 2006.
38
Ibid.
39
Susan Saulny, “New Orleans Moves to Repair Its Legal System,” The New York Times, August 8, 2006.
40
Roma Khanna and Robert Crowe, “Hurricane Aftermath,” The Houston Chronicle, January 19, 2006, p. 1.
41
Joseph Treaster, “Judge Rules for Insurers in Katrina,” The New York Times, August 16, 2006.
42
Richard Fausset and Ann Simmons, “Troops to Return to New Orleans,” The Times-Picayune, June 20, 2006, p. 1.
43
Thomas Korosec, “On Patrol in New Orleans,” The Houston Chronicle, June 26, 2006, p. 1.
44
Trymaine Lee, “NOPD Triples Weekend Arrest Tally,” The Times-Picayune, June 27, 2006, p. 1.
45
Michael Perlstein, “Guard, Troopers Flexing Muscles,” The Times-Picayune, July 4, 2006, p. 1.
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| | Authors: Thomas, Matthew. and Burns, Peter. |
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1
Robert M. Fogelson, Big City Police (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1977).
2
Two of the most important study include the Kansas City Preventive Patrol Experiment and the RAND Detective Study.
3
Most notably, J.E. Angell, “Toward an Alternative to the Classic Police Organizational Arrangements: A Democratic
Model,” Criminology, August/November (1971): 185-206; and A.C. Germann, “Community Policing: An Assessment,”
The Journal of Criminal Law, Criminology, and Police Science, 60 (1969): 89-96.
4
With the notable exceptions of a few jurisdictions, for example parts of Chicago, IL, San Diego, CA or Flint, MI.
5
Perhaps most notably, NYPD under William Bratton, engaged in zero-tolerance policing, a policy which result in both
significant decreases in crime, and serious complaints about police ignoring constitutional protections.
6
Eli Silverman, NYPD Battles Crime (Boston: Northeastern University Press, 1999).
7
Rick Ruddell, Matthew O. Thomas, and Lori Beth Way “Breaking the Chain: Confronting Issueless College-Town
Disturbances and Riots,” Journal of Criminal Justice 33 (2005): 549-560.
8
Portions of the timeline come from Douglas Brinkley, The Great Deluge (New York: William Morrow, 2006) and Susan
B. Glasser and Michael Grunwald, “The Steady Buildup to a City’s Chaos,” The Washington Post, September 11, 2005, p.
A1.
9
Ed Anderson, “Evacuation Scramble Puts Contraflow System to the Test,” The Times-Picayune, August 29, 2005, p. 4.
10
Melinda DeSlatte, “New Orleans Police Chief Defends His Force,” Associated Press, September 5, 2005.
11
Associated Press, “Police Trying to Move Out Remaining New Orleans Residents,” September 5, 2005.
12
Approximately 150 officers were saved during search and rescue operations.
13
Michael Perlstein and Trymaine Lee, “The Good and the Bad,” Times-Picayune, December 18, 2005.
14
Michael Perlstein and Trymaine Lee, “The Good and the Bad,” Times-Picayune, December 18, 2005.
15
Jed Horne, Breach of Faith (New York: Random House, 2006).
16
Robert Tanner, “New Orleans Mayor Orders Police Back to Streets Amid Looting,” Associated Press, September 1, 2005.
17
Examples of police looting can be found in a variety of sources, including Brinkley and Horne’s books.
18
Associated Press, “Police Trying to Move Out Remaining New Orleans Residents,” September 5, 2005.
19
Don Babwin, “Police Prepare to Use Force to Clear New Orleans,” Associated Press, September 9, 2005.
20
Associated Press, “Another Seven New Orleans Police Officers Fired For Being AWOL,” November 10, 2005.
21
Michael Perlstein and Trymaine Lee, “The Good and the Bad,” Times-Picayune, December 18, 2005.
22
Associated Press, “Exhausted New Orleans Police, Firemen, Getting R&R,” September 5, 2005.
23
Jed Horne, op. cit.
24
For example, David Brinkley, The Great Deluge (New York: William Morrow, 2006); and Michael Eric Dyson, Come
Hell or High Water: Hurricane Katrina and the Color of Disaster (New York: Basic Books, 2006).
25
Times-Picayune, “Where is the Cavalry?” September 1, 2005, p. 15.
26
Michael Perlstein and Trymaine Lee, “The Good and the Bad,” Times Picayune, December 18, 2005.
27
Susan Saulny, “A Legacy of the Storm,” The New York Times, June 21, 2006, p. 1.
28
Christopher Drew, “Police Struggles in New Orleans Raise Old Fears,” The New York Times, June 13, 2006.
29
Kevin Johnson, “Engulfed Evidence Puts New Orleans Court Cases in Doubt,” The New York Times, September 22, 2005,
p. A6.
30
Paul Purpura, “Jefferson Court Suspends Cases Until January,” Times-Picayune, September 22, 2005, p. B2.
31
Henry Weinstein, “Arrested Before Katrina Are Still in Limbo,” The Los Angeles Times, November 20, 2005, p. A38.
32
Henry Weinstein, “Evacuated Prisoners Are Captive to Legal Limbo,” The Los Angeles Times, October 16, 2005, p. A26.
33
Michael Perlstein, “Prison Became an Island of Fear,” The New York Times, September 22, 2005, p. A1.
34
Alan Zarembo, “Katrina’s Aftermath: New Orleans Gets a Makeshift Jail,” The Los Angeles Times, p. A15.
35
Bruce Alpert, “Investigation Opens into Possible Inmate Abuse,” The Times-Picayune, October 4, 2005, p. A3.
36
Gary Fields, “In Louisiana Prison, They Also Serve as Hurricane Relief,” The Wall Street Journal, September 19, 2005, p.
A1.
37
Leslie Eaton, “Judge Steps in for Poor Inmates Without Justice,” The New York Times, May 23, 2006.
38
Ibid.
39
Susan Saulny, “New Orleans Moves to Repair Its Legal System,” The New York Times, August 8, 2006.
40
Roma Khanna and Robert Crowe, “Hurricane Aftermath,” The Houston Chronicle, January 19, 2006, p. 1.
41
Joseph Treaster, “Judge Rules for Insurers in Katrina,” The New York Times, August 16, 2006.
42
Richard Fausset and Ann Simmons, “Troops to Return to New Orleans,” The Times-Picayune, June 20, 2006, p. 1.
43
Thomas Korosec, “On Patrol in New Orleans,” The Houston Chronicle, June 26, 2006, p. 1.
44
Trymaine Lee, “NOPD Triples Weekend Arrest Tally,” The Times-Picayune, June 27, 2006, p. 1.
45
Michael Perlstein, “Guard, Troopers Flexing Muscles,” The Times-Picayune, July 4, 2006, p. 1.
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