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Gender Bending: Effects of Strategies in Candidate Websites

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Abstract:

How can candidates use new media technology to shape their images? When are these technologies more important than candidate rhetoric? Advances in new media technology give candidates opportunities for new approaches to marketing themselves during political campaigns. For example, one of the main features of websites is that they are interactive; that is, on interactive websites voters have more options to communicate with the campaign, more control over blinking, sound, and other features, and more pages to visit within the site. Candidates can use this interactivity strategically on their website in order to lead voters to focus on certain issues and areas, effectively highlighting or obscuring particular aspects of their candidacy, such as issue positions or personal characteristics.
I explore these strategies in the context of women candidates using their gender as part of their strategy. First, I identify different types of gender-based strategies: emphasizing issues commonly stereotyped as areas where a male or female candidate is competent, personality characteristics typical of men and women, and endorsements from women’s groups. Candidates use these strategies congruent with their own gender identity or they pursue an incongruent strategy, trying to overturn stereotypes of their own gender. I examine the impact of these strategies using an original experiment. I look at how gender-based strategies influence voter evaluations and vote choice. This study is one of the first to offer a detailed look at the effects of how candidates combine their political messages with their website features and will ultimately lead to a better understanding of how the web impacts elections.

Most Common Document Word Stems:

candid (255), issu (194), gender (158), congruent (111), parti (104), strategi (103), interact (95), stereotyp (94), incongru (93), polit (84), trait (79), vote (77), women (76), base (71), choic (66), rhetor (65), effect (61), websit (61), voter (61), compet (60), manipul (57),

Author's Keywords:

gender, political communication, websites, candidate strategy
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MLA Citation:

Schneider, Monica. "Gender Bending: Effects of Strategies in Candidate Websites" Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Political Science Association, Marriott, Loews Philadelphia, and the Pennsylvania Convention Center, Philadelphia, PA, Aug 31, 2006 <Not Available>. 2011-03-13 <http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p152513_index.html>

APA Citation:

Schneider, M. C. , 2006-08-31 "Gender Bending: Effects of Strategies in Candidate Websites" Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Political Science Association, Marriott, Loews Philadelphia, and the Pennsylvania Convention Center, Philadelphia, PA Online <APPLICATION/PDF>. 2011-03-13 from http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p152513_index.html

Publication Type: Proceeding
Abstract: How can candidates use new media technology to shape their images? When are these technologies more important than candidate rhetoric? Advances in new media technology give candidates opportunities for new approaches to marketing themselves during political campaigns. For example, one of the main features of websites is that they are interactive; that is, on interactive websites voters have more options to communicate with the campaign, more control over blinking, sound, and other features, and more pages to visit within the site. Candidates can use this interactivity strategically on their website in order to lead voters to focus on certain issues and areas, effectively highlighting or obscuring particular aspects of their candidacy, such as issue positions or personal characteristics.
I explore these strategies in the context of women candidates using their gender as part of their strategy. First, I identify different types of gender-based strategies: emphasizing issues commonly stereotyped as areas where a male or female candidate is competent, personality characteristics typical of men and women, and endorsements from women’s groups. Candidates use these strategies congruent with their own gender identity or they pursue an incongruent strategy, trying to overturn stereotypes of their own gender. I examine the impact of these strategies using an original experiment. I look at how gender-based strategies influence voter evaluations and vote choice. This study is one of the first to offer a detailed look at the effects of how candidates combine their political messages with their website features and will ultimately lead to a better understanding of how the web impacts elections.

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Associated Document Available Political Research Online
Associated Document Available American Political Science Association

Document Type: application/pdf
Page count: 30
Word count: 12901
Text sample:
Gender Bending: Effects of Strategies in Candidate Websites* Draft Chapter from “Gender Bending: Candidate Strategy and Voter Response in a Marketing Age ” Ph.D. Thesis Monica C. Schneider Ph.D. Candidate Department of Political Science University of Minnesota 267 19th Ave S Minneapolis MN 55455 monica@umn.edu *Paper prepared for delivery at the 2006 Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association Philadelphia PA August 31 – September 3. I thank Chad Benesh Christine Esckilsen Steve Hanson Sharon Vanorny and Jon
have different policy priorities than their male colleagues? A critical test. Women and Politics 24 (4):77-101. Westholm Anders. 1997. Distance versus Direction: The Illusory Defeat of the Proximity Theory of Electoral Choice. American Political Science Review 91 (4):865-883. Xenos Michael A. and Kirsten A. Foot. 2005. Politics as Usual or Politics Unusual? Position Taking and Dialogue on Campaign Websites in the 2002 Election. Journal of Communication 55:169-185. Zipp John F. and Eric Plutzer. 1985. Gender Differences in Voting for


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