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Life-span Offending Trajectories of Women, Ages 12 to 72
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| | Unformatted Document Text:
Total
0 man
37.82
4071
11.865
1 vrouw
38.32
367
12.253
Total
37.86
4438
11.897
When there was only two years or less between the end of the follow-up period and
the last conviction, the mean age at that conviction was a little over age 45 for both women and men (t = .141; df = 584; NS). When the conviction-free period had lasted from three to 14 years, the mean age at that conviction was about 43 for men and 45 for women (t = 1.978; df = 1680; p = .048). When the conviction-free period had lasted from 14 to 24 years, the mean age at that conviction was about 34 for men and 39 for women (t = 3.394; df = 1071; p = .001). When the conviction-free period had lasted 24 years or longer, the mean age at that conviction was about 27 for men and 34 for women (t = 7.395; df = 1095; p < .0001).
References
Adler, Freda (1975). Sisters in Crim e: The Rise of the New Fem ale Crim inal. NY:
McGraw-Hill.
Ayers, Charles D., James Herbert Williams, J. David Hawkins, Peggy L. Peterson, Richard
F. Catalano & Robert D. Abbott (1999). Assessing correlates of onset, escalation, deescalation, and desistance of delinquent behavior. Journal of Quantitative Crim inology 15: 277–306.
Baca Zinn, Maxine, Pierrette Hondagneu-Sotelo & Michael A. Messner (2004). Gender
through the prism of difference. Pp 166-174 in Margaret L. Anderson & Patricia Hill Collins (eds.), Race, Class, and Gender: An Anthology (5th
ed). Belmont, CA:
Wadsworth.
Bardone, Anna M., Terrie E. Moffitt, Avshalom Caspi, Nigel Dickson & Phil A. Silva (1996).
Adult mental health and social outcomes of adolescent girls with depression and conduct disorder. Developm ental Psychopathology 1996; 8:811–829.
Baskin, Deborah R. & Ira B. Sommers (1998). Casualties of Com m unity Disorder:
Wom en’s Careers in Violent Crim e. Boulder, CO: Westview.
Belknap, Joanne (2001). The Invisible Wom an: Gender Crim e and Justice. Cincinnati,
OH: Wadsworth.
Belknap, Joanne & Kristi Holsinger (2006). The gendered nature of risk factors for delin-
quency. Fem inist Crim inology 1 (1): 48-71.
Benda, Brent B. (2005). Gender differences in life-course theory of recidivism: A survival
analysis. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Com parative Crim inology 49 (3): 325-342.
12
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| | Authors: Block, Carolyn., Blokland, Arjan. and Nieuwbeerta, Paul. |
|
| |
|
|
Total
0 man
37.82
4071
11.865
1 vrouw
38.32
367
12.253
Total
37.86
4438
11.897
When there was only two years or less between the end of the follow-up period and
the last conviction, the mean age at that conviction was a little over age 45 for both women
and men (t = .141; df = 584; NS). When the conviction-free period had lasted from three to
14 years, the mean age at that conviction was about 43 for men and 45 for women (t =
1.978; df = 1680; p = .048). When the conviction-free period had lasted from 14 to 24
years, the mean age at that conviction was about 34 for men and 39 for women (t = 3.394;
df = 1071; p = .001). When the conviction-free period had lasted 24 years or longer, the
mean age at that conviction was about 27 for men and 34 for women (t = 7.395; df = 1095;
p < .0001).
References
Adler, Freda (1975). Sisters in Crim e: The Rise of the New Fem ale Crim inal. NY:
McGraw-Hill.
Ayers, Charles D., James Herbert Williams, J. David Hawkins, Peggy L. Peterson, Richard
F. Catalano & Robert D. Abbott (1999). Assessing correlates of onset, escalation,
deescalation, and desistance of delinquent behavior. Journal of Quantitative
Crim inology 15: 277–306.
Baca Zinn, Maxine, Pierrette Hondagneu-Sotelo & Michael A. Messner (2004). Gender
through the prism of difference. Pp 166-174 in Margaret L. Anderson & Patricia Hill
Collins (eds.), Race, Class, and Gender: An Anthology (5th
ed). Belmont, CA:
Wadsworth.
Bardone, Anna M., Terrie E. Moffitt, Avshalom Caspi, Nigel Dickson & Phil A. Silva (1996).
Adult mental health and social outcomes of adolescent girls with depression and
conduct disorder. Developm ental Psychopathology 1996; 8:811–829.
Baskin, Deborah R. & Ira B. Sommers (1998). Casualties of Com m unity Disorder:
Wom en’s Careers in Violent Crim e. Boulder, CO: Westview.
Belknap, Joanne (2001). The Invisible Wom an: Gender Crim e and Justice. Cincinnati,
OH: Wadsworth.
Belknap, Joanne & Kristi Holsinger (2006). The gendered nature of risk factors for delin-
quency. Fem inist Crim inology 1 (1): 48-71.
Benda, Brent B. (2005). Gender differences in life-course theory of recidivism: A survival
analysis. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Com parative Crim inology
49 (3): 325-342.
12
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