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Imagining North Korea Differently: Changing Perceptions of "us" in Korea |
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Abstract:
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From the viewpoint of the US, there is an interesting puzzle in the current North Korean nuclear crisis. That is, judging from public reactions, Americans seems to be much more threatened by North Korean nuclear weapons lying thousands of miles away than South Koreans just 20 or 30 miles from them. Indeed, whenever North Korea escalates its brinkmanship, the stark contrast between the alarm it produces in Washington and the cool response in Seoul highlights the ever-changing attitude of South Koreans who increasingly refuse to see North Korea as their enemy.
The main goal of this paper is to bring historical dimension to recent changes in the discursive construction of the image of North Korea among South Koreans. The Korean War (1950-1953) left deep scars between the two Koreas along with enormous social costs and human tragedies. Not surprisingly, there was little room for co-existence, let alone reconciliation, between them. As a result, North Korea was often portrayed as “a dangerous wolf” lurking in the darkness. By the early 1990s, however, it was obvious that the North Korean communist experiment had failed. In the meantime, South Korea had achieved dual goals of democratization and economic development. Under such circumstances, South Korea was able to take a more generous attitude towards its northern “half.” That is, North Korea was increasingly described not so much as a dangerous threat as a part of the same nation in desperate need of help from its “southern brother.”
The data for this paper come from official textbooks for the elementary education in South Korea. Elementary education (grades one to six) is mandatory in South Korea where the government author, authorizes and sponsors the contents of the textbooks so that the entire population studies the same textbook. Since the end of the Korean War, there have been seven textbook reforms in South Korea. By analyzing the major characteristics of these different versions of textbooks over time, we will be able to understand how South Koreans have been imagining their northern neighbor differently, from “a dangerous wolf” who is trying to attack at any moment to “our blood brother” who needs to be embraced for the coming unification. |
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korea (161), nation (120), north (109), curriculum (94), korean (75), one (66), south (61), episod (60), unif (58), result (55), communism (51), differ (43), new (40), us (40), two (39), even (34), howev (32), press (31), inde (30), univers (29), anti (29), |
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Korea, North Korea, South Korea, Nationalism, Nation, National Identity |
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Association:
Name: American Political Science Association URL: http://www.apsanet.org
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Citation:
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MLA Citation:
| Joo, Hyung-Min. "Imagining North Korea Differently: Changing Perceptions of "us" in Korea" Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Political Science Association, Hyatt Regency Chicago and the Sheraton Chicago Hotel and Towers, Chicago, IL, Aug 30, 2007 <Not Available>. 2011-06-08 <http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p210912_index.html> |
APA Citation:
| Joo, H. , 2007-08-30 "Imagining North Korea Differently: Changing Perceptions of "us" in Korea" Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Political Science Association, Hyatt Regency Chicago and the Sheraton Chicago Hotel and Towers, Chicago, IL Online <APPLICATION/PDF>. 2011-06-08 from http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p210912_index.html |
Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript Abstract: From the viewpoint of the US, there is an interesting puzzle in the current North Korean nuclear crisis. That is, judging from public reactions, Americans seems to be much more threatened by North Korean nuclear weapons lying thousands of miles away than South Koreans just 20 or 30 miles from them. Indeed, whenever North Korea escalates its brinkmanship, the stark contrast between the alarm it produces in Washington and the cool response in Seoul highlights the ever-changing attitude of South Koreans who increasingly refuse to see North Korea as their enemy.
The main goal of this paper is to bring historical dimension to recent changes in the discursive construction of the image of North Korea among South Koreans. The Korean War (1950-1953) left deep scars between the two Koreas along with enormous social costs and human tragedies. Not surprisingly, there was little room for co-existence, let alone reconciliation, between them. As a result, North Korea was often portrayed as “a dangerous wolf” lurking in the darkness. By the early 1990s, however, it was obvious that the North Korean communist experiment had failed. In the meantime, South Korea had achieved dual goals of democratization and economic development. Under such circumstances, South Korea was able to take a more generous attitude towards its northern “half.” That is, North Korea was increasingly described not so much as a dangerous threat as a part of the same nation in desperate need of help from its “southern brother.”
The data for this paper come from official textbooks for the elementary education in South Korea. Elementary education (grades one to six) is mandatory in South Korea where the government author, authorizes and sponsors the contents of the textbooks so that the entire population studies the same textbook. Since the end of the Korean War, there have been seven textbook reforms in South Korea. By analyzing the major characteristics of these different versions of textbooks over time, we will be able to understand how South Koreans have been imagining their northern neighbor differently, from “a dangerous wolf” who is trying to attack at any moment to “our blood brother” who needs to be embraced for the coming unification. |
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application/pdf |
| Page count: |
40 |
| Word count: |
12154 |
| Text sample: |
| 1 Imagining North Korea Differently: Changing Perceptions of “us” in Korea Hyung-min Joo Department of Political Science DePaul University hjoo@depaul.edu; hjoo@uchicago.edu Prepared for delivery at the 2007 Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association August 30th – September 2nd 2007 2 Imagining North Korea Differently: Changing Perceptions of “us” in Korea “The North Koreans have been doing their best to splinter the [US-SK] alliance.” Above are the words of a frustrated White House official after the 2005 summit |
| Cambridge: Harvard University Press. Vogel Ezra F. 1991. The Four Little Dragons: The Spread of Industrialization in East Asia. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. Wallerstein Immanuel Maurice. 1974. The Modern World-System. New York: Academic Press. Waltz Kenneth. 1979. Theory of International Politics. Reading: Addison-Wesley. Weber Eugen J. 1976. Peasants into Frenchmen: The Modernization of Rural France 1870-1914. Stanford: Stanford University Press. Weber Max. 1978. Economy and Society: An Outline of Interpretive Sociology. Berkeley: University of California Press. Wedeen Lisa. 1999. |
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