Author's Keywords: VENEZUELA, DIVERSIFYING, OIL, EXTERNAL VULNERABILITY	Convention All Academic Convention makes running your annual conference simple and cost effective. It is your online solution for abstract management, peer review, and scheduling for your annual meeting or convention. Submission - Custom fields, multiple submission types, tracks, audio visual, multiple upload formats, automatic conversion to pdf. Review - Peer Review, Bulk reviewer assignment, bulk emails, ranking, z-score statistics, and multiple worksheets! Reports - Many standard and custom reports generated while you wait. Print programs with participant indexes, event grids, and more! Scheduling - Flexible and convenient grid scheduling within rooms and buildings. Conflict checking and advanced filtering. Communication - Bulk email tools to help your administrators send reminders and responses. Use form letters, a message center, and much more! Management - Search tools, duplicate people management, editing tools, submission transfers, many tools to manage a variety of conference management headaches! Click here for more information.
Association: Name: BALAS Annual Conference URL: http://http://www.balas.org/
Citation: URL: http://citation.allacademic.com/meta/p297515_index.html Direct Link: HTML Code:

Carmona, Pedro. "Venezuela: The Failure of an Oil Country in Diversifying its Economy and Reducing its External Vulnerability" Paper presented at the annual meeting of the BALAS Annual Conference, ITESM, Guadalajara, Mexico, Apr 01, 2009 <Not Available>. 2013-05-05 <http://citation.allacademic.com/meta/p297515_index.html>

Carmona, P. , 2009-04-01 "Venezuela: The Failure of an Oil Country in Diversifying its Economy and Reducing its External Vulnerability" Paper presented at the annual meeting of the BALAS Annual Conference, ITESM, Guadalajara, Mexico Online <PDF>. 2013-05-05 from http://citation.allacademic.com/meta/p297515_index.html

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript Review Method: Peer Reviewed Abstract: Venezuela is one of the first oil producing countries in the world, with huge reserves of conventional and ultra heavy oil and natural gas. Venezuelan oil legislation evolved from the beginnings of the industry, in order to increase the fiscal income, until the nationalization of the industry in 1975, and hence to favor the redistribution of income to society. But it generated a renting mentality. And after ninety years, the country has not managed to diversify its economy, but it is today more dependent on oil than ever. The policies adopted during the present decade substitute the strategies designed in the 90’s to internationalize the industry and expend production, in association to private capital. In that way the predomination of the state is consolidated after having modified the meritocratic management of Petroleum of Venezuela S.A., PDVSA, which has produced higher inefficiencies, low investment and a fall in oil production. In general, the Venezuelan internal productive machine has deteriorated, obligating imports to increase. Public expenses have become the economy’s engine and it empowers consumption and inflation. For its part, oil usage as an axis of diplomacy implies growing international commitment, which together with internal subsidies of an immeasurable dimension; threat the fiscal sustainability of the country at medium and long term. 1) Petroleum of Venezuela S.A., PDVSA, is the state’s company in charge of the oil business.

Health Governance and Pharmaceutical Product Development: Dilemmas in Exporting Clinical Research to Developing Countries

The Limits of Liberalism?: Long-Run Petroleum Prices and Government Intervention in Petroleum Markets in Japan, the United States and France