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Rhetorical Epistemology: Further Exploration and Explanation of Contentious Consciousness-Raising

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Abstract:

This paper uses the rhetoric of Marcus Garvey, Malcolm X, and Stokley Carmichael to explicate a conceptual framework for contentious conscious-raising, a form of epistemological protest rhetoric whose combative and animus-laden style is integral to its rhetorical power. Garvey, Malcolm X and Carmichael used this mode of expression to shock and shatter the psychology of race which dominated the collective consciousness of Black Americans for three–quarters of the twentieth century. This study posits that these rhetors used confrontational strategies to adjudicate the social, political, and economic wrongs committed by Whites and Blacks against African Americans almost since America’s inception. They called for a new consciousness among Blacks that countervailed dominant theological, cultural, and political frames of reference in the Black protest community.

The paper argues that Garvey, Malcolm X, and Carmichael’s adjudication of prevalent racial frames is a form of rhetorical epistemology whose effectiveness with target audiences is predicated on two related constituents. The first is sentience which is the affective, emotional, and visceral facet of knowledge generation, and the second is sapience, the intellectual component of knowledge which invited Black audiences to make “radical” judgments about old and revolutionary ways of thinking; the latter admonished the Black masses to see themselves and society differently.
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Association:
Name: 34th Annual National Council for Black Studies
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http://www.ncbsonline.org


Citation:
URL: http://citation.allacademic.com/meta/p405920_index.html
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MLA Citation:

King, Cynthia. "Rhetorical Epistemology: Further Exploration and Explanation of Contentious Consciousness-Raising" Paper presented at the annual meeting of the 34th Annual National Council for Black Studies, Sheraton New Orleans Hotel, New Orleans, LA, Mar 17, 2010 <Not Available>. 2013-05-04 <http://citation.allacademic.com/meta/p405920_index.html>

APA Citation:

King, C. P. , 2010-03-17 "Rhetorical Epistemology: Further Exploration and Explanation of Contentious Consciousness-Raising" Paper presented at the annual meeting of the 34th Annual National Council for Black Studies, Sheraton New Orleans Hotel, New Orleans, LA <Not Available>. 2013-05-04 from http://citation.allacademic.com/meta/p405920_index.html

Publication Type: Individual Presentation
Review Method: Peer Reviewed
Abstract: This paper uses the rhetoric of Marcus Garvey, Malcolm X, and Stokley Carmichael to explicate a conceptual framework for contentious conscious-raising, a form of epistemological protest rhetoric whose combative and animus-laden style is integral to its rhetorical power. Garvey, Malcolm X and Carmichael used this mode of expression to shock and shatter the psychology of race which dominated the collective consciousness of Black Americans for three–quarters of the twentieth century. This study posits that these rhetors used confrontational strategies to adjudicate the social, political, and economic wrongs committed by Whites and Blacks against African Americans almost since America’s inception. They called for a new consciousness among Blacks that countervailed dominant theological, cultural, and political frames of reference in the Black protest community.

The paper argues that Garvey, Malcolm X, and Carmichael’s adjudication of prevalent racial frames is a form of rhetorical epistemology whose effectiveness with target audiences is predicated on two related constituents. The first is sentience which is the affective, emotional, and visceral facet of knowledge generation, and the second is sapience, the intellectual component of knowledge which invited Black audiences to make “radical” judgments about old and revolutionary ways of thinking; the latter admonished the Black masses to see themselves and society differently.

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